资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
腰背僵硬行走困难?“僵人综合征”能治!****** 文/广州日报全媒体记者任珊珊 通讯员周晋安 偏爱女性,肢体僵硬,让人走路困难,容易误诊为强直性脊柱炎或癔症等疾病……这就是“僵人综合征”患者面临的困境。“广州实力中青年医生”、中山大学附属第三医院院长助理邱伟主任医师表示,“僵人综合征”也被俗称为“木头人”,是一种十分罕见的自身免疫和神经系统疾病。“僵人综合征”病人大多为女性,就诊时腰背部僵硬得像一块木头,难以迈步,行走容易摔跤。这对病人的身心造成重大打击,严重影响生活质量。 易误诊为“强直”“癔症” 邱伟介绍,“僵人综合征”通常会导致躯干和四肢肌肉僵硬和痉挛。病人可能会在疾病早期出现症状,最终变成持续状态。僵硬和痉挛通常始于腿部和躯干肌肉,尤其是腰背部,随着时间的推移,会影响手臂甚至面部。还可能出现其他症状,如步态不稳和无法解释的摔倒。 由于腰背部肌肉僵硬症状比较多见,这种病容易被误诊为强直性脊柱炎进行治疗,不见好转后可能被诊断为“癔症”“焦虑症”,最终转诊到神经科后才被确诊。 有些人将“僵人综合征”与“渐冻症”混为一谈,其实两者天差地别。“渐冻症”也就是肌萎缩侧索硬化的最终结局,患者是死于呼吸肌麻痹或肺部感染。“僵人综合征”病人不会因该病死亡,但因生活质量严重下降,承受了巨大的心理压力。 病人查出GAD65抗体阳性 44岁的阿兰(化名)于2020年被确诊为“僵人综合征”。2015年起,她的左足背便出现疼痛,起初为发作性针刺样疼痛,几秒可缓解。随后左侧腹股沟区开始疼痛,且疼痛逐渐加重,不能独自行走,双腿僵硬感,腰部有轻微紧绷感,紧张时明显,双腿僵硬时甚至不能独自行走,不过持续约几分钟可缓解。 五年之后,阿兰已经发展到行走困难,起身或转身、蹲下及下楼梯时更明显,容易摔跤。当辗转求医的阿兰最后找到胡学强教授和邱伟主任医师时,她已经无法独立行走。 检查显示,她的全身肌肉僵硬,右上肢肌张力正常,其余肢体肌张力增高,四肢肌力5级。“当时她的肌肉僵硬到连正常的腰椎穿刺检查都做不成。”邱伟说,医生只好把她送到麻醉科进行麻醉,待肌肉松弛后,才完成了腰穿。 然而,常规检查,肿瘤相关检查、炎症及风湿免疫相关检查、内分泌相关检查、代谢相关检查,甚至是基因检查都未见到明显异常。“最后是GAD65抗体检测发现了异常。”邱伟解释说,“僵人综合征”病人的特点是体内可以检测到GAD65抗体阳性。结合临床症状和相关检查结果,她被确诊为这种十分罕见的自身免疫和神经系统疾病。 免疫吸附+免疫抑制剂有一定疗效 导致“僵人综合征”病人产生GAD65抗体的原因是什么,目前医学界尚不得而知。 邱伟坦言,因为这种疾病太罕见了,报告的病例较少,随访也不足,因此医学界对它的了解还有待深入。有些病人误以为无法治疗,确诊后便灰心绝望。实际上,中山三院神经科团队近年来的探索,已初步有成果。 以阿兰为例,邱伟团队尝试采用蛋白A免疫吸附(IA)治疗,后续则采用免疫抑制剂治疗。 蛋白A免疫吸附也就是俗称的“血液净化”的一种。通过先降低血液中的GAD65抗体滴度,加上后续采用免疫抑制剂来减少该抗体的产生,从而缓解症状,改善生活质量。 据悉,阿兰先后接受了6次蛋白A免疫吸附治疗。第一次免疫吸附(IA)治疗后,行走便比治疗前平稳了不少,肌肉较为松弛。免疫吸附治疗结束后双下肢僵硬、活动障碍都明显好转。目前,阿兰仍在坚持治疗,生活已基本恢复常态。 邱伟呼吁,如果不幸出现双腿以及躯干部僵硬,无法行走,排除强直性脊柱炎等原因后,应到神经科进行相关检查,及早进行治疗,同时要为心灵减压,乐观面对疾病的挑战。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |