中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型******
(经济观察)中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型
中新社北京1月19日电 题:中国楼市拥抱新周期 或以现房销售推动行业转型
中新社记者 庞无忌
2022年中国房地产业出现罕见的深度调整,全行业经历了一次出清周期。不过,从另一个角度来看,“去腐生肌”之后,随着供求重新平衡,房地产业也有望走向真正的良性循环。
楼市拥抱新周期
国家统计局近日发布的数据显示,2022年,中国商品房销售规模从2021年的近18亿平方米降至13.6亿平方米;商品房销售额从2021年的约18.2万亿元(人民币,下同)降至约13.3万亿元。商品房销售规模创下多年新低。同时,去年,房地产开发投资增速首次出现同比负增长。房屋新开工面积、土地购置面积、房企到位资金等指标均大幅下滑。
58安居客研究院院长张波指出,尽管支持房地产发展的几项重要维度(人口、城镇化速度等)在过去几年已经发生了一些变化,但市场面在2022年才真正显示楼市开始进入新周期。
中国社科院城市与竞争力研究中心主任倪鹏飞也认为,近年来,房地产高位运行是不合理、不可持续的。由于一些长期变量发生改变,如人均住房面积、人口老龄化等,房地产不可能像过去一样高位增长了,“我们预判未来十年房地产以及住房新增部分规模在10亿平方米至12亿平方米左右,匹配相应房地产投资规模”。
经过去年的深度调整,他指出,从总量上看,目前房地产市场正在接近合理区间。
经济学家任泽平也认为,房地产大开发时代落幕,进入存量时代。他指出,目前城镇住房套户比(住宅套数和家庭户数的比例)已达1.09,供求基本平衡,未来多数城市将面临住房过剩,再加上人口老龄化加速到来,未来住房需求将有所收缩。
现房销售推动转型
在供给与需求重新平衡的过程中,新周期或将拉开序幕。近期官方所提及的一项关键变化值得注意。
近日召开的全国住房和城乡建设工作会议,将当前和今后一段时期的房地产工作重点总结为“稳预期、防风险和促转型”。在促转型方面,会议明确指出,有条件的可以进行现房销售,继续实行预售的,必须把资金监管责任落到位,防止资金抽逃,不能出现新的交楼风险。
从“卖楼花”的预售制到现房销售,这一变化意味着什么?
中指研究院企业研究总监刘水在接受中新社记者采访时表示,现房销售有助于减少楼房烂尾及质量问题,对房企来说,也能引导其注重产品质量和高品质服务,引导房企稳健经营,降低杠杆和负债水平。他认为,未来现房销售可能在重点城市的部分地块进行试点,或明确为土地出让的条件。
不过,刘水提醒,从预售到现房销售,应该是缓慢的转换过程,不能“急转弯”或一蹴而就。预售制在国内已有近20年历史,如果骤然切换至现房销售,可能会加重房企资金困难。
广东省城规院住房政策研究中心首席研究员李宇嘉也对中新社记者表示,现房销售就不再有保交楼问题,这意味着未来的住房供应会更多强调民生保障。李宇嘉也提醒,现房销售应该因区施策,因时施策,匹配各城市的在售库存及未来几年的土地供应计划,不宜一步到位。
对于短期库存较少的区域,李宇嘉认为,更适宜提前加大供地,再采取“新老划断”的模式。对于短期库存较多的区域来说,逐步在土地出让条件中明确规定现房销售试点,或是可选择的过渡方案。
波动性弱复苏
近日,国务院副总理刘鹤在世界经济论坛2023年年会上发表致辞时表示,中国针对房地产领域风险,着力稳定预期,提供合理流动性,放松过热时期的调控措施,积极扩大有效需求。未来中国房地产业稳定发展仍有足够的需求支撑。
全国住房和城乡建设工作会议也提出,2023年将以更大力度精准支持刚性和改善性住房需求,提升市场信心,同时也明确将严控投机炒房。
倪鹏飞指出,2023年及未来一段时间,如果没有意外事件冲击,房地产总体走势将是波动性弱恢复。
张波则认为,房地产市场底部已逐步清晰,房价或在今年二季度企稳。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |